The Development Study Forum (FKP) has been carried out regularly online on Wednesday (28/9/2022). This time's agenda has the theme "Efforts to Get Out of Poverty: Is the Quality of Education Important? Preliminary Findings from IFLS Data” presented by Ciro Danuza as a representative of Article 33 Indonesia researchers and Lukman Hakim as discussion moderator. FKP is a policy study consortium that is based on research and discusses topics related to development issues. Organizing FKP alternately by institutions in Indonesia in collaboration with The Indonesia Project from the Australian National University (ANU).
Executive Director of Article 33 Indonesia, Santoso, in his introduction to the discussion said that the discussion about education and welfare was an interesting matter. Both are big issues that are equally important so they continue to be discussed by various parties from time to time. Therefore, this study will present the initial findings of the study which will be developed at a later date.
At the start of the discussion, Lukman Hakim touched on the position of education on individuals. “In theory Human Capital, education is an individual investment for the future. "However, there are problems for poor people who are unable to pay for education," he said. In fact, in the context of Human Rights (HAM) education is the right of all citizens. Therefore, what kind of education is needed?
Ciro Danuza explained that the initial motivation for this research was several statements From previous studies, there are generally two opinions regarding the relationship between education and poverty. First, education is not the main factor in efforts to get out of poverty. However, there are other opinions which state that educational attainment is a determinant factor of poverty. Based on this, this research was carried out independently by Article 33 Indonesia.
"Poverty conditions can place individuals in a cycle of poverty where the education obtained by poor people cannot improve the economy and encourage social mobility," said Ciro. It was explained in a report from UNESCO in 2005 that quality education is mainly influenced by several factors, including the quality of teachers, environmental background, completeness of infrastructure and school facilities. Therefore, these factors are of concern in research.
This study, which uses descriptive analysis and econometrics, uses Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) data from 1993 and 2014 with a sample of 2000 individuals. The use of IFLS data in these two years is intended to capture the social mobility of people at various income levels.
The initial findings of the study show that the better the quality of education, the higher the percentage of welfare levels. This is shown by 33 percent of people experiencing an increase in economic status, where the percentage of individuals who go to school without working and have a bachelor's/diploma level of education have a higher percentage of escaping poor status.
Other findings from the research include factors outside education that also influence the opportunity to get out of poverty. Among them, mobilization to urban areas and the number of family members at home. Apart from that there is no difference between men and women so gender equality in education must also be encouraged. Interestingly, in the initial findings of this research, teacher quality has not been a significant factor in encouraging efforts to get out of poverty, so improvements in teacher quality must continue to be implemented along with the presence of the independent campus, independent learning and independent teaching programs. "It is hoped that these findings will become a concern in future education sector policies," said Ciro.
This FKP activity was attended by representatives from various institutions including government institutions, private institutions, universities, non-governmental organizations and the general public. Among them, the Ministry of Education and Culture, Research and Technology, the Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, the Indonesian Ministry of Home Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, BPS, The Conversation Indonesia, Amar Bank, as well as students from Padjadjaran University, Gadjah Mada University, Diponegoto University, Hasanuddin University and the University of Indonesia. [HRS]
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